Jain concepts

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Jīva - Souls and living things

Every living being has a soul.
Every soul is potentially divine and has the innate qualities of infinite knowledge, infinite perception, infinite power, and infinite bliss. Have benevolence for all living beings..
Therefore, regard every living being as yourself and harm no one.
Every soul is born as a celestial, human, sub-human or hellish being according to its own karmas.
Every soul is the architect of its own life, here or hereafter.
When a soul becomes freed from karmas, it gets God-consciousness (infinite knowledge, infinite perception, infinite power, and infinite bliss) and becomes liberated.

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Right view, Right knowledge and Right Conduct (triple gems of Jainism) provide the way to this realization.

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Ajiva - Non-living things

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Asrava - Influx of karma

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Bandha - The bondage of karma

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Samvara - The stoppage of influx of karma

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Nirjara - Shedding of karma

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Moksha - Liberation or Salvation

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Nine substances are explained as: Consider a family living in a house. One day, they were enjoying a fresh cool breeze coming through their open doors and windows of the house. However, the weather suddenly changed to a terrible dust storm. The family, realizing the storm, closed the doors and windows. But, by the time they could close all the doors and windows some of the dust had been blown into the house. After closing the doors and the windows, they started clearing the dust that had come in to make the house clean again.

This simple scenario can be interpreted as follows:

1) Jivas are represented by the living people.
2) Ajiva is represented by the house.
3) Punya is represented by enjoyment resulting from the nice cool breeze.
4) Pap is represented by discomfort resulting from the storm.
5) Asrava is represented by the influx of dust.
6) Bandh is represented by the accumulation of dust in the house.
7) Samvara is represented by the closing of the doors and windows to stop the accumulation of dust.
8) Nirjara is represented by the cleaning up of already collected dust from the house.
9) Moksha is represented by the cleaned house, which is similar to the shedding off all karmic particles from the soul.

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One-sensed beings (Ekendriya Jiva) have:

Sense of touch

(for example: plants)

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Two-sensed beings (Beindriya Jiva) have:

Sense of touch
Sense of taste

(for example: sea animals living in shells)

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Three-sensed beings (Trindriya Jiva) have:

Sense of touch
Sense of taste
Sense of smell

for example: ants, small insects)

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Four-sensed beings (Caturendriya Jiva) have:

Sense of touch
Sense of taste
Sense of smell
Sense of sight

(for example: larger insects, worms, spiders)

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Five-sensed beings (Pañcendriya Jiva, without mind) have:

Sense of touch
Sense of taste
Sense of smell
Sense of sight
Sense of hearing

(for example: snakes)

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Five sensed being with mind (Sanjñi)

for example: larger more complex animals, humans

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Shrotrendriya Prana - Ability to hear

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Caksurendriya Prana - Ability to see

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Ghranendriya Prana - Ability to smell

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Rasanendriya Prana - Ability to taste

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Sparshanendriya Prana - Ability to touch